EBITDA is an acronym for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Similar to other metrics such as net income, earnings, and revenue, it is used to measure the financial performance of a company.
As a way of determining a firm’s value, EBITDA focuses on the fiscal impacts of the operating decisions in a company by eliminating those of non-operating decisions.
The excluded aspects include:
- intangible assets
- tax rates
- interest expenses
Although EBITDA is an important concept in financial analysis, it is not necessarily relevant to traders. While investors focus on fundamentals such as revenue and earnings, traders are more interested in charts.
You could find EBITDA in stock screeners.
EBITDA’s key terms
Interest
It refers to the expenditures incurred by a firm as a result of the interest rates of a loan. Its exclusion is founded on the fact that companies have different interest expenditures based on their unique financing structures.
Taxes
Expenses incurred by a firm due to the tax rates enacted by the government at the local, state, or national level. Taxes do not determine the performance of a firm’s management.
Depreciation
This form of indirect expenditure refers to the gradual reduction in the value of a firm’s asset. It depends on the firm’s past investments rather than its present performance.
Amortization
It is another type of indirect expense that accumulates over time in the form of intangible assets. The exclusion of this component is similar to that of depreciation.
Just like depreciation, amortization is dependent on past investments as opposed to the current performance.
Calculation of EBITDA
All the details needed to calculate EBITDA are available in the company’s income statement. There are two approaches of calculating this measure of financial performance.
| EBITDA = Operating Profit + Amortization + Depreciation |
OR
| EBITDA = Net Income + Interest + Taxes + Depreciation + Amortization |
Some of the websites where you can get a company’s EBITDA directly include Investing.com and Seeking Alpha.
Example of EBITDA
As indicated in the table above, the net earnings result from the deduction of all the incurred costs. Since taxes, interests, depreciation, and amortization are part of these expenses, EBITDA is calculated by adding these figures back to the net earnings.
The Pros of EBITDA..
Its calculation is straightforward
All the components included in EBITDA’s formula are included in a firm’s income statement.
Besides, several websites offer the actual figures for various companies; an aspect that makes it easy for investors to use the numbers in their financial analysis.
It excludes variables that don’t necessarily show the firm’s operating performance
Components such as tax rates, interest rates, and depreciation vary from one company to another. By excluding such elements from the calculation, one is able to get the actual operating performance of the enterprise.
It’s reliable
EBITDA allows investors to focus on a firm’s baseline profitability. As such, it is considered to be a reliable measure of a company’s fiscal security.
..and the Cons
It can be used to conceal a company’s financial weaknesses
EBITDA can be manipulated to make a financially-burdened business appear stable. It discounts crucial information in a firm’s financial statement; an aspect that makes it easy for the management to hide its fiscal challenges.
It does not acknowledge amortization and depreciation as actual costs
Equipment and other resources in a firm are bound to depreciate and reduce their use with time. Additionally, patents and copyrights are only valid for a specific period of time.
EBITDA does not consider such expenses when evaluating a firm’s fiscal performance.
Final Remarks
EBITDA is a reliable measure of a company’s financial performance. One of the benefits of using this approach is its ease of calculation. However, it can be manipulated to hide a firm’s fiscal weaknesses.
Notably, it is more applicable to investors than traders. This is largely because while investors focus on a company’s earnings and other relevant figures, traders are interested in charts.
